Estuarine areas at Paturau and Whanganui were especially prized sources of kaimoana. Whanganui Inlet was a particularly significant site, containing two pā (Te Awaturoto and Taurangahioi). Important Ngāti Apa tupun a who lived at Whanganui were Te Kotuku, Te Whio, Paihora, Matiaha Tumaunga, Matimati, Tumanga, Meihana Kereopa and his mother Kerenapu and Wirihana Maui. Te One Tahua is a very significant wāhi tapu. Ngāti Apa believe that the spirits of their deceased tupuna travel along Te One Tahua on their journey to Hawaiki. Two furthe r pā were located at Puponga. This area was an important shark fishery. Parapara Inl et contained pā, kainga a nd another important fishing station. This was the home of the celebrated taniwha Kai Whakaruaki. Another pā guarded the important fishing station at Pakawau. A pā, kainga and fishing complex occupied much of the peninsula at te Mat au-a-Maui. This is the burial place of the rangatira Tutepourangi (he rangatira mana nui). It has added significance for Ngāti Apa (and Ngāti Kuia) because it was the western boundary of the tuku of Tutepourangi. Kaiteriteri formed another extensive Ngāti Apa occupation, cultivation and fi shing station complex. It inc luded a leaseght p Theclff a na- i ā. is t A t t waka-u contain burial caves, and a turanga waka was located at the mouth of a stream running beside the cliff known as Wai-atau. The Moutere Inlet was another important source of kai moana. The hull of Te Awatea, the waka which had brought many Ngāti Apa tupuna to Te Tau Ihu, was stored for many years in a cave at Te Mamaku, on the northern end of the Moutere Bluff near Motueka. Kohi te Wai (Mackay's Bluff, near Nelson) on the landward end of Te Taero-a-Kereopa (the Boulder Bank) was a large Ngāti Apa population centre and an important fishing station. Te Taero-a-Kereopa is associated with Kupe. When Kupe decided to leave for the North Island two of his crew wished to remain in Te Waipounamu. They stole a waka and set off. Kupe pursued them, but they recited karakia which caused rocks to fall and create a barrier between them and Kupe. This was the origin of the Boulder Bank. Te Taero-a-Kereopa was later visited by the tupuna Tu Ariki, a great grandson of Ruatea, captain of the Kurahaupo waka. He captured a shark near the Boulder Bank and took it home to Whanganui. Here it grew into the famous taniwha Tutaeporoporo. Whakatu and its environs contained many important fishing stations and turanga waka. Matangi Awhio was one of the most importa nt of these. It consisted of a large pā and kainga complex overlooking a beach where waka could be safely landed. Extensive racks used for net repair and drying fish were a notable feature of this place. Further Ngāti Apa pā, k ain ga and fishing stations could be found all along the eastern coast of Te Tai Aorere. Among the most important of these was Waimea, renowned for its kaimoana and extensive gardens. Tarakaipa Island, one of the largest islands in Tennyson Inlet, was named after the Ngāti Apa tupuna Tarakaipa, great gra nd-son of Tamahau and son of Rawaru. Tarakaipa is an important tupuna, and was on e of the leaders of early Ngāti Apa migrations to Te Tau Ihu. He arrived in the waka Te Awatea, built from the hull of the Kurahaupo canoe. Taraka ipa is also the name of a Ngāti Apa hapū particularly associated with the island. The island contain ed pā and kainga and an important fishing station. Tawhitnui, just to the north of Tar akaipa Island, was another significant pā, kainga and fishing station. Along with Tarakaipa Island this provided access to important moki and elephant fish breeding grounds. Nga Whatu-kai-ponu - the Eyes that Stand as Witness to the Deeds of Kupe (the Brothers Islands) - are the eyes of the octopus (wheke) Muturangi, cast into the sea by Kupe after he had killed the creature. The tapu associated with these islands required travellers to recite karakia when crossing Raukawa Moana (Cook Strait) and only the descendants of Kupe, persons of great mana or tohunga could gaze upon them. Anamāhanga was one of the two tentacles of the great wheke Muturangi, killed by the tupuna Kupe. The other is Anatohia (East Bay). Te Anamāhanga is a landing place of Kupe's waka - Te Matahourua - and indentations made by his footprints are visible at the turanga waka at Te Ope-a-Kupe. This place is central to the identity of Ngāti Apa in Te Tau Ihu Statutory Acknowledgements Page 18 of 163