potash and lime), gravel and fine sand and silt to raise soil temperatures. This is sometimes referred to as ’Māori soil’. It was highly suitable for kumara production. The modified soil remains darker and more productive than surrounding soil to this day. Huge pits nearby reveal the source of gravel. The extent of these gardens and the effort involved in creating them indicates that the area was once occupied by a substantial population. Early chiefs of this place were Te Hapuku and Te Pipiha. The latter was killed here during the northern invasions. Other tupuna associated with Waimea were Titiko and Whakatapihi. After the northern invasions many tupuna from the pā moved to another pā in what later became known as Budges Bush, in the Wairoa River Valley on the north slope of Mount Heslington. They were observed by the surveyor Budge, after whom the area is named. The Bush was a rich source of birds, including kaka and kereru. Rangitāne were among those who continued to cultivate and occupy the land until at least the mid 1840s, when produce grown here was traded with the Nelson settlers at a market in the town at Matangi Awhio (Auckland Point School). Waimea was a residence of the Rangitāne tupu na Meihana Kereopa, Ihaia Kaikoura, Paora Te Piki and Hopa Te Rangihiroa at th is ti me. The p ā a nd gardens were observed by the New Zealand Company surveyor Barnicoat in 1843. MOTUPIKO RIVER AND ITS TRIBUTARIES An ancient trail follows the course of the Motupiko and Motueka rivers from Mangatawhai, or ‘The Place of Many Trails’ (Tophouse, near the Nelson Lakes). This formed the main track linking Golden Bay and Tasman Bay with the Wairau and Kawatiri districts. According to Rangitāne tradition a series of pā, kainga, mahinga kai (especially birding areas) and cultivations are associated with this track and the Motupiko River and its environs. Many artefacts have been found where the Motupiko converges with the Motueka River. The awa, along with its associated pā and other sites, has great significance for Rangitān e. The Motupiko and associated waterways were once an important source of upokorokoro (grayling or native trout), as well as inanga, kokopu and eels. MT FURNEAUX (PUHIKERERU) Puhikereru (meaning 'decorated with feathers') is a sacred maunga overlooking a number of places of great significant to Rangitāne o Wairau, including Te Anamāhanga and Te Ope-a-Kupe, Meretoto and Endeavour Inlet. Rangitāne o Wairau are a kaitiaki of this very sacred place. Puhikereru was an important navigation aid and the centre of a renowned birding area famous since the time of Kupe. When Kupe came to Aotearoa he brought two birds named Rupe (a pigeon) and Te Kawau-a-Toro (a cormorant). While Kupe was exploring the country his two birds carried out their own reconnaissance. Rupe's object was to discover forest food, and Te Kawau-a-Toro investigated the sea-currents. When Kupe arrived at Te Rimurapa (Sinclair Head) visiting birds from the South Island told Rupe that food there was plentiful. Rupe reported what he had heard to Kupe, who directed him to go to the south. Rupe then departed, and eventually arrived at Puhikereru. Here he feasted on plentiful keruru, and being seduced by the bounty of the maunga and surrounding country, never returned to Kupe. Statement of Coastal Values Rangitāne o Waira u’s association with the coastal marine area is an integral part of their rohe in Te Tau Ihu. Areas of particular cultural significance include the Wairau Lagoons and the area adjoining Te Pokohiwi / the Boulder Bank, Cloudy Bay (Koko a Kupe), Port Underwood (Te Whanganui), Tory Channel (Kura Te Au), the area around Arapaoa Island, Queen Charlotte Sound (Totaranui), Endeavour Inlet (Punaruawhiti), Ship Cove Te Tau Ihu Statutory Acknowledgements Page 50 of 163