risk? review of current information Nelson Marlborough Health remain in a constant state of readiness for dealing with a pandemic to reduce the overall impact and spread of the disease. The World Health Organisation through the Ministry of Health regularly provides updates on the likelihood of an emerging pandemic Marine Accident Overview A marine accident involving a ship may result in significant loss of life and/or catastrophic environmental damage from spilled oil. Marine accidents take many forms but the most serious generally involve one or more of the following aspects; • collision • grounding • fire • foundering A single marine accident can involve all of these aspects with each requiring a specific response strategy. Marlborough is frequented by bulk carriers, cruise vessels and passenger ferries. Each type of vessel carries its own unique set of risks but broadly speaking bulk carriers bring the largest risk regarding pollution, whereas the most significant risks associated with ferries and cruise ships relate to the high numbers of passengers on board. Hazard Likelihood The risk of a significant marine accident can be described as high consequence low (C) probability risk. In traditional risk assessment, the low probability of a catastrophic maritime accident has resulted in such an emergency being placed low on any ranked hazard list. Consequently, the risk has often been inadequately managed. However, contemporary risk management thinking suggests that despite the low probability, the consequences of such an event are so high that such risk must always be appropriately managed. Table 11: Notable marine accidents in the Asia Pacific region in recent times include. Year Location Ship Type Name Accident Damage 2009 Tonga Ferry Princess Foundering 73 deaths Ashika 2011 Tauranga Container Rena Grounding Oil spill (350m)3 2014 South Ferry Sewol Grounding 304 deaths Korea Table 12: Near misses in the Marlborough Region in recent times Year Location Ship Type Name Accident Damage 2011 Tory Ferry Monte Stella Grounding Minor Channel/Kura damage to Te Au vessel 2016 Tory Cruise Azamara Grounding Minor Channel/Kura ship Quest damage to Te Au vessel Marlborough Civil Defence Emergency Management Plan, 2017-2022 Page 92