Water models have been used to identify pressure management zones in Picton. Plans are advanced to modify the reticulation and fit zone pressure reducing valves in a low lying area. Pipework configuration and the need for firefighting water can restrict the number of suitable areas. Small scale pressure management of rider mains and individual services may also be considered as a viable option. Active leakage detection - Evidence suggests leakage maybe as high as 58% in Renwick. Nightline monitoring, leak-noise correlation, valve sounding, step testing, find and fix contracts are all techniques that can be employed to assist in leak reduction. There are significant costs in identifying and fixing leaks. This leads to the concept of an Economic Level of Leakage in which the costs of finding the leaks is more expensive than the cost of the water wasted. In areas where the source water is scarce the cost savings of deferring capital works needs to be added to the equations. Generally in temperate climates trying to reduce leakage below 20% is less economically viable. Asset performance monitoring - The establishment of District Metered Areas can be used to monitor the network performance and assist with leak detection. Water supplied into discrete areas can be measured and the data returned live through the SCADA system or recorded into data loggers. Absolute and relative data can provide valuable information on system performance and assist with targeting leakage detection, renewals programmes and other works. Public education and voluntary restraint - Informing the public on water usage and conservation issues. Raising awareness of consumption through the media, libraries, billboards, dashboard indicators, leafleting, etc. Setting consumption targets for communities can contribute to an overall strategy. Additionally the community can be consulted on their acceptance of imposed restrictions such as hose-pipe bans in periods of high demand. ‘Green Plumber/Gardener’ service - Councils can assist consumers by providing a professional advice or subsidised plumbing service to repair leaks on private property, help identify and fix underground leakage, implement water saving techniques, etc. Equally consumers can be advised on planting drought tolerant species, irrigation patterns, mulching and water conservation techniques in the garden. Water saving incentivisation - A water management strategy may include encouraging consumers to reduce, re-use and recycle water. Some councils have partnered private businesses to promote low water-use plumbing fittings, showers, WC cisterns, whiteware, etc. Similar incentives can be employed to promote the use of rain water butts, grey water recycling, drip irrigation, etc. Planning and Legislation - Rules can be introduced into local resource plans to insist on rainwater storage and re-use. Water bylaws can provide additional powers to redress issues of leakage, mis-use and undue consumption on private property. Levels of Service - Consideration can be given to revising the existing levels of service. Currently adequate pressure is defined as 300 kPa at the property boundary. Consent could be sought from the community to revise the standard downwards and reduce system pressures. Likewise, the system is designed to meet unrestricted peak day. With consultation and general agreement customer expectations could be managed to accept a lesser service standard and more frequent restrictions. Page 50