Chapter 9 - Coastal Marine 9.10 Methods of Implementation Rules Planning maps and rules identify or indicate where access to and along the coastline is generally allowed by incorporating esplanade reserves into the Conservation Zone. Subdivision The reserves policy, contained within Chapter 23, and criteria set out in Volume Two (subdivision requirements) establish the circumstances under which esplanade reserves will be acquired. Guidelines Provide information on appropriate land use practices and encourage use of voluntary guidelines and best practices. Research The Council will carry out research to assess the need for enhancement of physical access to and along the coastal marine area. Conservation Rely on guidelines prepared by the Conservation Board and Guidelines/ Plans the Department of Conservation in respect of access requirements. 9.11 Issue The potential effects of marine farms on the natural character of the East Marlborough Coast. The East Coast has potential for marine farming of paua, scallop, crayfish, mussel, oyster, surfclams, seaweed and kelp. That potential can be expected to be made use of as demand for space in the Marlborough Sounds increases. The prevailing weather and exposed sea conditions make the area difficult for conventional marine farming at the moment but the marine farming industry is currently investigating new technologies and structures which will withstand those conditions. It is hard to predict with any certainty which type of farming will be promoted in the area in the future and the type of structures they will require. However many marine farming operations will introduce issues associated with exclusive occupation rights and the building of structures on the seabed. Though regarded as a ‘clean’ activity marine farming can have adverse environmental impacts if not managed or developed properly. Where marine farming has occurred around the country the following concerns have typically been raised: Exclusive occupation rights which restrict public access; The visual impact of structures above the water level; The abandonment of farms (and the visual effects of structures that are left); Siltation of the sea floor and accumulation of toxins around marine farms; The impact of farms on traditional recreational and fishing areas; The impact of marine farms on local ecology; and Cumulative effects. 9 - 11